About the Missions

A week ago I finished reading Converting California: Indians and Franciscans in the Missions by James A. Sandos. I liked it.

I picked up this book because I wanted to learn more about the missions and early California history. Unlike many people I know, I did not write a mission report when I was in fourth grade. I went to school in Ohio, so I learned about the native peoples of Ohio and some early settlement around the French and Indian War. Instead of building a mission, I created a brochure that highlighted some Ohio tribes for a tourist back in the day.

As explained in the introduction, several studies of early California history view the Spanish missions as either the greatest or the worst thing to ever happen to California and the native people. Converting California looks for the truth which is somewhere in the middle. I will highlight a few things I found interesting.

The big initial reason for the sudden expansion into California was to secure the coastline for Spain against other powers, such as Russia.

There was conflict between how the Spanish military and the Franciscan friars wanted to treat the native peoples. Then among both groups, there was a variety of individual attitudes toward native peoples. There were some amazing friars and soldiers, but there were also some who shamelessly exploited the native inhabitants.

The missions and presidios brought the native peoples a common language. This allowed different tribes to communicate with each other in common goals, like plotting against the Spanish.

Fr. Serra was a good guy. He believed that he was saving the souls of native people by bringing Christ to them. Everything he did was to advance this goal. His personal actions imitated Christ. Before he went to Alta California, Fr. Serra said that if he is killed by the native people that they should be forgiven. When one of his brother friars was brutally killed, he urged mercy and forgiveness for the murders.

Native people who lived as part of the missions had a shorter lifespan than those who remained in their normal dwelling places. The friars were aware of this, but did not have a ready explanation. Diseases such as syphilis were easily transmitted. In the late Eighteenth Century, the germ theory of disease was not known. Common procedures like tattooing and medical treatments of the day including scaring skin transferred blood between people. I learned syphilis was present in the new world before European contact, but was then spread around by Europeans.

A Documentary
After I read the book, I watched Serra: Ever Forward, Never Back, which aired on EWTN in November. The docudrama was nothing great, but it complemented the book nicely. It focused on the parts of Fr. Serra's life the book did not. It also included some footage of where Serra grew up on the island of Majorca, Spain and where he was a missionary in Mexico. Some more information about the program, which was filmed in California, is also online.

Nov 24, 2013 was the 300 anniversary of Fr. Serra's birth. He is beatified, so he is one step away from becoming an official saint.